English
Osmanlı Devleti'nin Afrika'da Avrupa sömürgeciliğine karşı siyaseti : XIX. yüzyıl ve XX. yüzyılın başları / Muhammed Tandoğan ; tez danışmanı Ahmet Kavas
Yer Numarası
B.I/7424
Dil Kodu
Türkçe
Yazar
Yayın Bilgisi
2011.
Fiziksel Niteleme
xii, 297 y. : tıpkıbasım, harita ; 29 cm
Tez Notu
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İslam Tarihi ve Sanatları Anabilim Dalı, 2011.
Bibliyografi, vb. Notu
Bibliyografya y. 231-244.
Özet, vb.
► Osmanlı Devleti'nin Afrika'da Avrupa Sömürgeciliği'ne karşı siyasetini (XIX. Yüzyıl ve XX. Yüzyılın başları) konu edinen bu çalışma, etkinliğini gün geçtikçe artırmakta olan sömürgeciliğe karşı Osmanlıların ortaya koyduğu azmi ve iradeyi ele almaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti dinî, siyasî, askerî ve sosyo-kültürel bağı olan Afrika'yı yüzyıllar boyunca idare etmişti. Bu zaman zarfında bölge halkları ile yönetici konumundaki Osmanlı devlet ricâli arasında büyük yakınlıklar oluşmuştu. Sömürgeci güçlerden başta Portekiz olmak üzere İspanya, Hollanda, Fransa, İngiltere, Almanya, Belçika ve diğer Avrupa devletleri jeopolitik ve stratejik açıdan Afrika'nın tamamına göz dikmişler ve gizli anlaşmalarla paylaşmışlardı. Bu devletlerden öne çıkan Fransanın ve İngilterenin, belirlenen stratejik bölgeleri sömürge olarak tayin edip, "böl, parçala, yut" modelini uygulaması diğer Avrupalı devletlerce de benimsendi. Avrupalıların Afrika'da XIX. yüzyıl sömürge politikalarına karşılık Osmanlı Devleti de Hilâfet siyaseti ve İslam birliği gibi birtakım politikalar geliştirmeye çalıştı. Özellikle II. Abdülhamid'in "İslâm Birliği" siyasetinden rahatsız olan Avrupalı devletler, Afrika'daki yerli Müslümanları kendileri için bir tehdit unsuru olarak görmeye başlamışlardı. Bu durum misyonerlik faaliyetlerini de beraberinde getirmişti. XIX. yüzyıl Afrikası, sömürgeci güçlere kâbuslar gördüren birçok irili ufaklı direnişe şahit olmuş ve bilhassa yerli Müslüman halk, çeşitli tarikatlar öncülüğünde sömürgeciliğe karşı şiddetle karşı koymuştu. Özellikle Kuzey Afrika'daki tarikatlar, liderleri öncülüğünde yaklaşık yüz elli sene kadar direnmişlerdi. Bunlar arasında Sokoto'da Osman Bin Fodyo ile başlayan hareket Cezayir'de Emir Abdülkadir, Libya'da Muhammed es-Senûsî ile Çad'da Râbih b. Fazlullah ile geniş bir coğrafyaya yayıldı. Afrika insanını ve bölgenin her türlü zenginliğini elde etme girişimi karşısında Avrupalıların aksine insanî, adilâne ve sömürge karşıtı duran tek bağımsız devlet Osmanlılardı. Bu durum Osmanlı Devleti, tarih sahnesinden çekilinceye kadar devam etti. Osmanlıların Avrupalılar karşısındaki Afrika mücadelesini tarihten gelen sorumluluk, insanî değerler ve İslâm kardeşliği şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür.
► This work which focuses on the Ottoman Empire's policy against European colonization in Africa (19th century and beginning of the 20th century) handles the determination and the will that Ottoman Empire has put forth against the colonization whichhas increasedthe effectiveness of its work day by day. Ottoman Empire had managed Africa for centuries, with which it had religious, political, military, and socio-cultural ties. During this time there were convergences among the peoples of the region and the administrative position of the Ottoman Empire's statesmen. The Colonial powers soared on all of the Africa from the geopolitical and strategic angle and they shared it withsecrettreaties. Among these,France and England were the important states which were prominent. Appointing these territories as their colonies, France and England applied "split, cut, swallow" mechanism, which were also adopted by the other European States. Against the colonial policies of Europeans in Africa in 19th century, Ottoman Empire developed such policies like caliphate policy and Panislamism. Especially the European states that annoyed with the policy of II. Abdülhamid's Islamic unity/panislamism, started to see the native muslims as a treat. This circumstance also brought together the missionary activities. 20th century's Africa, had witnessed large and small resistances against colonial powers which made them see nightmares and especially the native muslim folk, leaded by various sects, had resisted severely against the colonial powers. Particularly the sects in northern Africa, headed by their leader, had resisted nearly for one hundred and fifty years. Among them,in Sokoto Osman b. Fodio, in Algeria Emir Abdulkadir, in Libya Muhammedes- Sanusi and in Chad Rabih b.Fazlullah firstly come in minds. The only independent state was Ottoman Empire that was humane, equitable, and anti- colonial against to European's use of force and violence against African people ; and it was against to their enterprise to have wealth of all kinds of that territory. This case went on until Ottoman Empire disappeared in history. It is possible to summarize the fight of Ottomans against Europeansas responsibility from history, human values, and the Islamic brotherhood.
► This work which focuses on the Ottoman Empire's policy against European colonization in Africa (19th century and beginning of the 20th century) handles the determination and the will that Ottoman Empire has put forth against the colonization whichhas increasedthe effectiveness of its work day by day. Ottoman Empire had managed Africa for centuries, with which it had religious, political, military, and socio-cultural ties. During this time there were convergences among the peoples of the region and the administrative position of the Ottoman Empire's statesmen. The Colonial powers soared on all of the Africa from the geopolitical and strategic angle and they shared it withsecrettreaties. Among these,France and England were the important states which were prominent. Appointing these territories as their colonies, France and England applied "split, cut, swallow" mechanism, which were also adopted by the other European States. Against the colonial policies of Europeans in Africa in 19th century, Ottoman Empire developed such policies like caliphate policy and Panislamism. Especially the European states that annoyed with the policy of II. Abdülhamid's Islamic unity/panislamism, started to see the native muslims as a treat. This circumstance also brought together the missionary activities. 20th century's Africa, had witnessed large and small resistances against colonial powers which made them see nightmares and especially the native muslim folk, leaded by various sects, had resisted severely against the colonial powers. Particularly the sects in northern Africa, headed by their leader, had resisted nearly for one hundred and fifty years. Among them,in Sokoto Osman b. Fodio, in Algeria Emir Abdulkadir, in Libya Muhammedes- Sanusi and in Chad Rabih b.Fazlullah firstly come in minds. The only independent state was Ottoman Empire that was humane, equitable, and anti- colonial against to European's use of force and violence against African people ; and it was against to their enterprise to have wealth of all kinds of that territory. This case went on until Ottoman Empire disappeared in history. It is possible to summarize the fight of Ottomans against Europeansas responsibility from history, human values, and the Islamic brotherhood.
Dil Notu
Türkçe özet y. i.
İngilizce özet y. ii.
İngilizce özet y. ii.
Konu
Emeği Geçenler
Kavas, Ahmet, Prof. Dr., tez danışmanı.
