Confidential U.S. state department central files [mikroform] : Palestine United Nations activities, 1945-1949 : Decimal numbers 501.BB Palestine and 501.MA Palestine.
Confidential U.S. state department central files
Dil Kodu
İngilizce
Yer Numarası
M/0323-10
Eser Adının Farklı Biçimi
Palestine United activities, 1945-1949
Yayın Bilgisi
Frederick, MD : University Puclications of America (UPA), [t.y.]
Fiziksel Niteleme
1 mikrofilm makarası (997 poz) : pozitif ; 35 mm.
Genel Not
Bu seri 14 makaradan oluşmaktadır.
Bibliyografi, vb. Notu
Mikrofilmin indeksi A.VIII/2032 yer numarasında kayıtlıdır.
İçindekiler Notu
► International conferences cont. -- 0001 : Egypt bombs Tel Aviv, Palestine. Israel warns that one more bombing will mean the bombing of Cairo, Egypt. A delegation from Yemen visits King Abdullah and expresses its opposition to the annexation of central Palestine. Modern Jerusalem is hit by three bombs. Egypt accepts cease-fire. Israel is considering a cease-fire, but Israeli attacks continue. State department asks Israel for details about Egyptian offensive. U.S. tells Israeli government that the incident embarrassed Britain because of its treaty.U.S. warns Cairo, Egypt, against action. Israel tells U.S. it never intended to hold Egyptian territory. Jews claim the British are sending troops and planes to Transjordan. British are encouraging Arabs not to negotiate peace. Jewish agency reports 130,000 immigrants entered Palestine in 1948.British foreign minister Ernest Bevin asks U.S. to exert pressure on Israel to retreat to November 4 boundaries in the Negeb. U.S. replies that responsibility should be handled by UN security council. Britain replies that Israel is still blocking road in Egypt. British also claim Israel is getting arms from Czechoslovakia despite UN embargo. New Transjordan cabinet is appointed. New cease-fire is in effect. Israel claims trapped Egyptian garrison at Faluja is still firing. UN Security Council's seven-nation committee's session on possible use of sanctions against truce violators is adjourned pending armistice talks. Israel raids southern Palestine. In Egypt, 35 miles from the border, Israel shoots down 4 RAF reconnaissance planes before cease-fire takes effect. British warn that they will become involved in war if Israel invades Egypt and Transjordan. Dr. J. D. Cottrell, medical officer of World Health Organization, is appointed adviser to UN relief plan for Palestine refugees. Report from the camps indicates that disease is widespread. British send troops to Aqaba, located on southern tip of Negeb. British order any Jewish plane to be considered hostile. Israel claims that one plane that fired on RAF was Egyptian. British address protests to Jewish authorities rather than Israeli government. Israeli consular general Arthur Louris refuses to relay British messages. Arab League secretary general Abdul Rahman Azzam Pasha expresses his regret to Egypt that other Arabs hesitated to help them. British announce that warships and troops are waiting in Mediterranean to back protests of Israel's actions.Israel protests to UN security council concerning British reinforcement of Aqaba, Transjordan, and concerning British shipment of arms to Egypt. UN secretary general Trygve Lie tells British to withdraw from the dispute with Israel. U.S. urges Britain not to make dispute a major issue. British, however, keep their Mediterranean forces on alert. Israel complains to UN security council that presence of British military in Middle East is endangering peace talks. British denounce Jewish aggression in Negeb. They say security council should enforce a recent resolution which called for Jewish withdrawal from Negeb. Arabs claim British promised to stop arms shipments by sea. They criticize British for their failure to do so. Arms shipments are continued to Jews. Acting secretary of state Robert A. Lovett meets with representatives from Israel, Transjordan, and Britain. U.S. is concerned about British troop movements in Palestine before reinforcement of Aqaba. British say RAF pilot was watching Israeli movements near Egypt when plane was shot down.Anthony Eden, British Conservative leader, criticizes British foreign minister Ernest Bevin. Eden says RAF flights are purposeless and Bevin is endangering U.S.-Anglo relations. The British cabinet supports Bevin. In talks with Sir Oliver Franks, British ambassadorto U.S. .President Truman claims that there is no strain on U.S.-British relations; that U.S. policy is the same as stated on November 20; that Israel will not lose Negeb unless Israel agrees to do so; that U.S. does not want any new trouble with Israel; and that Arabs should be encouraged to make peace.Truman also denies that the RAF flight was made under a joint U.S.-British decision to keep informed on Israel's movements in Egypt.
UN armistice talks begin. Mediator Ralph Bunche talks with representatives of Israel and Egypt. After talks with Egypt, Bunche will meet with representatives from Transjordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Israel withdraws from four villages in Lebanon. UN mediator Ralph Bunche requests to UN security council that his mediation unit be dissolved. He wants a new Palestine conciliation committee. British foreign minister Ernest Bevin says British will release 11,000 Jews in Cyprus. Arabs should settle with Israel and try to get best possible terms. Export-Import Bank of the U.S. gives loan to Israel. Israel-Egypt negotiations at Rhodes, Greece, bog down in dispute over Negeb. The question is how much of Jewish gains in Negeb will be given up. Disagreement may upset earlier agreements concerning Egyptians in Faluja (January 17) and Egyptian retention of coastal area near Gaza. An American Jewish group pledges aid to Israel but says new state does not represent American Jews. France recognizes Israel. Israel's first elections are held; Mapai party of David Ben-Gurion wins. Italy recognizes Israel. Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin of Britain wins vote of support for his Israel policy in House of Commons, but is criticized by former British prime minister Winston Churchill. Bevin criticizes the U.S. and others for his lack of success in Palestine. Australia and Switzerland recognize Israel. Britain recognizes Israel. Netherlands and Luxembourg recognize Israel. India refuses to recognize Israel. Pakistan refuses to recognize Israel. President Truman grants full recognition to Israel, January 1949.
► 0192 : Transjordan accepts invitation to peace negotiations conducted by UN mediator Ralph Bunche. King Abdullah urges other Arab states to do so also. Israel cabinet decides to incorporate modern Jerusalem into Israel despite UN plans to make it an international city. Israel rejects Israel-Egypt frontier in Negeb. Ecuador and Denmark recognize Israel. UN mediator Ralph Bunche offers another proposal. Israel and Egypt meet in first direct conference. Lebanon and Syria agree to talks, but Lebanon wants Israeli troops off Lebanese soil. British appoint Alexander Knox Helm as first representative to Israel. Brazil recognizes Israel. Italy recognizes Israel. Israel sets expansion goal for 1949. Thus, negotiations begin with Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, and Rumania to allow 60,000 to 80,000 Jews to emigrate from these countries. Hungary refuses negotiations. Political prisoners receive amnesty, except for Sternists Nathan Friedman Yellin and Matityahu Shmulevitz, who were sentenced to eight and five years in prison, respectively. Transfer of Cyprus refugees to Palestine is completed in Haifa, Palestine. Iceland recognizes Israel. UN Palestine Conciliation Committee arrives in Cairo, Egypt, to begin tour of Arab countries. Ireland recognizes Israel. Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion says Jews would oppose UN plan for Jerusalem. Israel's first Knesset (Parliament) holds sessions in Jerusalem. U.S., Britain, France, and Turkey refuse to send diplomatic observers because they disapprove of the Jewish Agency as site of ceremonies. Objection is that UN had made Jerusalem an international city, yet Israel holds legislative sessions there. Eight hundred ninety immigrants leave Shanghai, China. These immigrants were Germans and Austrians who had fled to China in the 1930 and then were forced into ghettoes by the Japanese. Argentina recognizes Israel. Chaim Weizmann is elected president of Israel. In a United Jewish Appeal funds dispute among Jewish groups, Dr. Abba Hillel Silver, president of the American sector of Jewish Agency, resigns. Dr. Emanuel Neumann, president of Zionist Organization of America, also resigns. An interim constitution is written for Israel. Foreign Minister Moshe Shertok says Jerusalem is important historically to Israel.He hopes that Arabs will agree to a plan giving modern city to Jews and old city to Arabs. UN Palestine Conciliation Committee had been discussing such a plan with Egypt. Egypt and Israel reach tentative agreement at Rhodes, Greece, armistice conference. Auja, near Egyptian border, is demilitarized. Beersheba, which was assigned to Arabs under partition plan but is now occupied by Israelis discussed. Export-Import Bank of the U.S. loans Israel $35,000,000 for agricultural development. Decision is made to reduce the Israeli army to small, mobile, peacetime force, manning "Weizmann line" of fortresses along boundaries. U.S. strongly denies Saudi Arabian accusations that they continue to ship arms to Jews, citing their rigorous arms embargo and prosecution of American citizens involved in any war activities. UN plane is hit by small-arms fire when passing Israel-Syria border. UN mediator Ralph Bunche submits plan of agreement between Israel and Egypt.Israel would have temporary control of Beersheba. Four hundred ninety-eight Jewish people from Shanghai, China, land in San Francisco.They will cross U.S. in sealed trains. Transjordan is authorized to speak for Iraq during Rhodes,Greece, talks. In negotiations with Transjordan, Israel discusses central Palestine, Beersheba, and eastern Negeb.A permanent Jewish-Arab division of Jerusalem is also discussed. Saudi Arabia says it will favor any agreement, providing rest of Arab league will accept agreement. Syria and Yemen do not accept arrangements. Egypt declares that agreement with Israel is military agreement, because Egypt still does not recognize Israel. Israel and Egypt sign armistice. Israel gets most of Negeb,except Auja which will be demilitarized and serve as UN armistice headquarters. Control of Beersheba depends on permanent settlement with Egypt and armistice with Transjordan.Egypt keeps Gaza. Both sides will withdraw forces from Negeb. President Truman declares he will give aid to all of Middle East. Mapam, a leftist Jewish group, says armistice does not uphold Jewish interests. Israel will not sign armistice with Transjordan until terms are approved by Israeli assembly. Bolivia recognizes Israel. UN secretary general Trygve Lie cites Israel-Egypt armistice as good example of UN role as influence for peace. James Grover McDonald is appointed first U.S. ambassador to Israel. Eliahu Elath is appointed first Israel ambassador to U.S. Egyptians evacuate garrison at Faluja, February 1949.
►0593 : Jewish national fund announces plans to reclaim 25,000 acres of neglected Arab-owned land in Israel over next three years. This year, 198 new settlements will be established and Arab owners will be reimbursed. Nationalist China recognizes Israel and Transjordan. Israel-Lebanon talks are held. UN Palestine Committee invites Arab government to a meeting to discuss Palestinian refugees and permanent Arab peace with Israel. Dr. Bayard Dodge, president emeritus of American University, reports that Arab refugees number 873,000. Jewish immigrants from Shanghai, China, sail for Israel from New York. Israel Transjordan talks are held. Dr. Olga P. Fernberg of Joint Distribution Committee reports that 4,000 Jews who fled from Yemen to Aden in 1947 will be transferred to Israel. Foreign Minister Moshe Shertok says the British troops in Aqaba, Transjordan, are threat to peace. Israeli foreign minister Moshe Shertok changes his last name to Sharett, which means "servant" in Hebrew. Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion announces Israel's domestic plan. Immigration will be doubled and national center will be located in modern Jerusalem. Mapam refuses to join first Israeli cabinet. Arab Legion and Israel forces skirmish in southern Negeb near Aqaba, Transjordan. British voice their concern concerning Israel's holding territory in Negeb only two miles from Aqaba. Israel completes occupation of Negeb; Jews declare they had not and would not invade Transjordan territory. Israel and Transjordan sign cease-fire agreement. Ban on fighting is made permanent and is to be policed by UN regardless of whether the two countries reach full armistice. Truce does not affect Nablus-Jenin-Tulkarm "triangle" which is held by Iraq troops in north central Palestine. British say they will strengthen garrison in Aqaba, Transjordan. Austria recognizes Israel. Refugee report shows following population numbers: Lebanon—100,000 to 105,000; Syria—85,000 to 100,000; Transjordan—85,000; Iraq—5,000; Egypt—8,000 to 10,000; North Palestine—230,000; and South Palestine—225,000. (Numbers for Palestine only cover areas under Arab occupation.) Israel and Transjordan agree that armistice lines in Jerusalem will be based on November 30 truce. Jews will control modern Jerusalem. Arabs will control old Jerusalem. Private relief agencies working in Middle East meet. They complain that UNRPR is not using enough of already existing personnel and services; instead, UNRPR is struggling to set up its own agencies. Private relief agencies also complain about lack of recognition by UN. Cuba recognizes Israel. Transjordan asks for reinforcement of Aqaba by British. UN mediator Ralph Bunche reports that Syria has agreed to negotiate with Israel. Israel threatens to break off negotiations if British continue to meddle in Negeb. American Appeal for the Holy Land reports relief aid for refugees is hampered by lack of coordination between UN agency and volunteer agencies. The volunteer agencies complain they spent money on food, money which should have gone to social services. Lebanon and Israel sign armistice. UN mediator Ralph Bunche reports to the UN that both Syria and Transjordan violated truce by troop movements in Aqaba area. In New York Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin of Britain is picketed by Israeli sympathizers representing Joint Committee to Combat Anti-Semitism.Brigadier General Husni al Zaim becomes president of Syria.Minister of foreign affairs Amir Arslan resigns. Arslan had opposed "soft" attitude toward Israel, March 1949.
► 0192 : Transjordan accepts invitation to peace negotiations conducted by UN mediator Ralph Bunche. King Abdullah urges other Arab states to do so also. Israel cabinet decides to incorporate modern Jerusalem into Israel despite UN plans to make it an international city. Israel rejects Israel-Egypt frontier in Negeb. Ecuador and Denmark recognize Israel. UN mediator Ralph Bunche offers another proposal. Israel and Egypt meet in first direct conference. Lebanon and Syria agree to talks, but Lebanon wants Israeli troops off Lebanese soil. British appoint Alexander Knox Helm as first representative to Israel. Brazil recognizes Israel. Italy recognizes Israel. Israel sets expansion goal for 1949. Thus, negotiations begin with Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, and Rumania to allow 60,000 to 80,000 Jews to emigrate from these countries. Hungary refuses negotiations. Political prisoners receive amnesty, except for Sternists Nathan Friedman Yellin and Matityahu Shmulevitz, who were sentenced to eight and five years in prison, respectively. Transfer of Cyprus refugees to Palestine is completed in Haifa, Palestine. Iceland recognizes Israel. UN Palestine Conciliation Committee arrives in Cairo, Egypt, to begin tour of Arab countries. Ireland recognizes Israel. Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion says Jews would oppose UN plan for Jerusalem. Israel's first Knesset (Parliament) holds sessions in Jerusalem. U.S., Britain, France, and Turkey refuse to send diplomatic observers because they disapprove of the Jewish Agency as site of ceremonies. Objection is that UN had made Jerusalem an international city, yet Israel holds legislative sessions there. Eight hundred ninety immigrants leave Shanghai, China. These immigrants were Germans and Austrians who had fled to China in the 1930 and then were forced into ghettoes by the Japanese. Argentina recognizes Israel. Chaim Weizmann is elected president of Israel. In a United Jewish Appeal funds dispute among Jewish groups, Dr. Abba Hillel Silver, president of the American sector of Jewish Agency, resigns. Dr. Emanuel Neumann, president of Zionist Organization of America, also resigns. An interim constitution is written for Israel. Foreign Minister Moshe Shertok says Jerusalem is important historically to Israel.He hopes that Arabs will agree to a plan giving modern city to Jews and old city to Arabs. UN Palestine Conciliation Committee had been discussing such a plan with Egypt. Egypt and Israel reach tentative agreement at Rhodes, Greece, armistice conference. Auja, near Egyptian border, is demilitarized. Beersheba, which was assigned to Arabs under partition plan but is now occupied by Israelis discussed. Export-Import Bank of the U.S. loans Israel $35,000,000 for agricultural development. Decision is made to reduce the Israeli army to small, mobile, peacetime force, manning "Weizmann line" of fortresses along boundaries. U.S. strongly denies Saudi Arabian accusations that they continue to ship arms to Jews, citing their rigorous arms embargo and prosecution of American citizens involved in any war activities. UN plane is hit by small-arms fire when passing Israel-Syria border. UN mediator Ralph Bunche submits plan of agreement between Israel and Egypt.Israel would have temporary control of Beersheba. Four hundred ninety-eight Jewish people from Shanghai, China, land in San Francisco.They will cross U.S. in sealed trains. Transjordan is authorized to speak for Iraq during Rhodes,Greece, talks. In negotiations with Transjordan, Israel discusses central Palestine, Beersheba, and eastern Negeb.A permanent Jewish-Arab division of Jerusalem is also discussed. Saudi Arabia says it will favor any agreement, providing rest of Arab league will accept agreement. Syria and Yemen do not accept arrangements. Egypt declares that agreement with Israel is military agreement, because Egypt still does not recognize Israel. Israel and Egypt sign armistice. Israel gets most of Negeb,except Auja which will be demilitarized and serve as UN armistice headquarters. Control of Beersheba depends on permanent settlement with Egypt and armistice with Transjordan.Egypt keeps Gaza. Both sides will withdraw forces from Negeb. President Truman declares he will give aid to all of Middle East. Mapam, a leftist Jewish group, says armistice does not uphold Jewish interests. Israel will not sign armistice with Transjordan until terms are approved by Israeli assembly. Bolivia recognizes Israel. UN secretary general Trygve Lie cites Israel-Egypt armistice as good example of UN role as influence for peace. James Grover McDonald is appointed first U.S. ambassador to Israel. Eliahu Elath is appointed first Israel ambassador to U.S. Egyptians evacuate garrison at Faluja, February 1949.
►0593 : Jewish national fund announces plans to reclaim 25,000 acres of neglected Arab-owned land in Israel over next three years. This year, 198 new settlements will be established and Arab owners will be reimbursed. Nationalist China recognizes Israel and Transjordan. Israel-Lebanon talks are held. UN Palestine Committee invites Arab government to a meeting to discuss Palestinian refugees and permanent Arab peace with Israel. Dr. Bayard Dodge, president emeritus of American University, reports that Arab refugees number 873,000. Jewish immigrants from Shanghai, China, sail for Israel from New York. Israel Transjordan talks are held. Dr. Olga P. Fernberg of Joint Distribution Committee reports that 4,000 Jews who fled from Yemen to Aden in 1947 will be transferred to Israel. Foreign Minister Moshe Shertok says the British troops in Aqaba, Transjordan, are threat to peace. Israeli foreign minister Moshe Shertok changes his last name to Sharett, which means "servant" in Hebrew. Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion announces Israel's domestic plan. Immigration will be doubled and national center will be located in modern Jerusalem. Mapam refuses to join first Israeli cabinet. Arab Legion and Israel forces skirmish in southern Negeb near Aqaba, Transjordan. British voice their concern concerning Israel's holding territory in Negeb only two miles from Aqaba. Israel completes occupation of Negeb; Jews declare they had not and would not invade Transjordan territory. Israel and Transjordan sign cease-fire agreement. Ban on fighting is made permanent and is to be policed by UN regardless of whether the two countries reach full armistice. Truce does not affect Nablus-Jenin-Tulkarm "triangle" which is held by Iraq troops in north central Palestine. British say they will strengthen garrison in Aqaba, Transjordan. Austria recognizes Israel. Refugee report shows following population numbers: Lebanon—100,000 to 105,000; Syria—85,000 to 100,000; Transjordan—85,000; Iraq—5,000; Egypt—8,000 to 10,000; North Palestine—230,000; and South Palestine—225,000. (Numbers for Palestine only cover areas under Arab occupation.) Israel and Transjordan agree that armistice lines in Jerusalem will be based on November 30 truce. Jews will control modern Jerusalem. Arabs will control old Jerusalem. Private relief agencies working in Middle East meet. They complain that UNRPR is not using enough of already existing personnel and services; instead, UNRPR is struggling to set up its own agencies. Private relief agencies also complain about lack of recognition by UN. Cuba recognizes Israel. Transjordan asks for reinforcement of Aqaba by British. UN mediator Ralph Bunche reports that Syria has agreed to negotiate with Israel. Israel threatens to break off negotiations if British continue to meddle in Negeb. American Appeal for the Holy Land reports relief aid for refugees is hampered by lack of coordination between UN agency and volunteer agencies. The volunteer agencies complain they spent money on food, money which should have gone to social services. Lebanon and Israel sign armistice. UN mediator Ralph Bunche reports to the UN that both Syria and Transjordan violated truce by troop movements in Aqaba area. In New York Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin of Britain is picketed by Israeli sympathizers representing Joint Committee to Combat Anti-Semitism.Brigadier General Husni al Zaim becomes president of Syria.Minister of foreign affairs Amir Arslan resigns. Arslan had opposed "soft" attitude toward Israel, March 1949.
Reprodüksiyon Notu
Mikrofilm. Frederick, MD : University Puclications of America (UPA), [t.y.]. 1 mikrofilm makarası : pozitif ; 35 mm. 1945-1949.
Konu
Kurum Adı
United States. Department of State.
University Publications of America (UPA)
University Publications of America (UPA)
