The Roman Military Base at Dura-Europos, Syria : An Archaeological Visualization.
The Roman Military Base at Dura-Europos, Syria :
Erişim Adresi
ISBN
9780191061219 (electronic bk.)
9780198743569
9780198743569
Dil Kodu
İngilizce
Yer Numarası
DK/0261
Yazar
Yayın Bilgisi
©2019.
Fiziksel Niteleme
1 online resource (408 pages)
İçindekiler Notu
Cover -- THE ROMAN MILITARY BASE AT DURA-EUROPOS, SYRIA: An Archaeological Visualization -- Copyright -- Dedication -- PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- SUMMARY -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -- LIST OF TABLE -- LIST OF PLATES -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- CONVENTIONS -- SITE RECORDING: AREA LABELLING SYSTEM -- TERMINOLOGY FOR THE SITE, ITS STRUCTURES, FEATURES, AND AREAS -- PART I: Perspectives on Dura-Europos -- 1: The Big Picture -- INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW -- THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DURA-EUROPOS -- Dura-Europos as a Window on the Hellenistic, Parthian, Roman, and Sasanian Middle East -- Dura and the Study of the Roman Military -- ROMAN BASE AND GARRISON: KEY ASPECTS OF DURA'S LATER HISTORY -- A Preliminary Sketch of the Base as Excavated -- Excavators' Understandings of Base Development and Chronology -- Evolving Views on Impact of Garrison and Base -- 2: Project Context: Dura Research, Past and Present -- REDISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION -- Achievements and Limitations of the Yale/French Academy Expedition -- Consequences of Methodological Shortcomings for Understanding the Military Base -- Post-Excavation History and Legacy of the Yale/French Academy Project -- The Franco-Syrian Expedition (MFSED) 1986-2011 -- 3: Developing a New Perspective on Dura's Military Base -- PROJECT BACKGROUND -- OPPRESSION VS CONCORDIA? CONCEPTUALIZING A NEW STUDY OF GARRISON, BASE, AND CITY -- REMIT, RESEARCH AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY -- Research Aims -- Research Objectives, Methods, and Outputs -- FORMATION PROCESSES OF SITE AND RECORD: A 'POMPEII OF THE SYRIAN DESERT'? -- How Dura Died: Implications for Study of the Military Base -- The Portable Artefact Record -- THE EVIDENCE: SITE, AND NATURE OF EXCAVATION RECORD -- Physical Character of the Site in 2005 -- Nature of Archive and Publications -- METHODOLOGY AND EXECUTION: A VISUAL APPROACH.
The Course of the Project -- Dealing with Remains on Site -- Integration of Site and Archival Data -- Dealing with the Published and Archival Record -- Developing a Visual Approach -- The Centrality of Built Space to Human Life -- Building the Picture: Cumulative and Probabilistic Argument -- 4: Zooming In: Rome, the Middle Euphrates, and Dura -- HISTORICAL SETTING: WORLD EMPIRES AND A MODEST CITY -- Rome, Parthia, and the Middle Euphrates -- Status quo ante: Dura before Rome -- Prelude and Annexation -- Dura under Rome -- The Roman Military Presence: Purpose and Terminology -- The Chaotic 250s, Destruction and Abandonment -- The Site after the Siege -- MATERIAL REALITIES: NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT -- Nature of the Place: Geology, Topographical Setting, Climate, and Environment -- Raw Material for the Base: The Built Fabric of Pre-Roman Dura -- Roman-Era Architectural Adaptations and Innovations -- PART II: The Base Portrayed -- EXTENT OF THE BASE -- 5: The Plateau Zone West of G St -- THE TEMPLE OF BÊL ('TEMPLE OF THE PALMYRENE GODS' OR 'TEMPLE OF ZEUS') IN J9, AND ITS PLAZA -- Discovery, Excavation, Publication, and Naming -- Summary Description and History -- Temple Plaza -- 'HOUSE OF THE PREFECT', J1-A -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Phasing and Dating -- Location, Layout, Construction, and Functioning of the House -- Discussion and Interpretation -- Gate at D St and '12th St' -- Structure in D St Opposite Entrance to J1-A House -- D St Water Main -- THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AZZANATHKONA AND ITS MILITARY COMPOUND, E7 -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Temple Layout -- Pre-Roman Cult and Chronology -- The Military Compound at the Back of the Temple of Azzanathkona -- Chronology and Evolving Purpose of the Compound -- The Temple in the Roman Era -- The Temple in the Last Years of the City.
THE PRINCIPIA ('PRAETORIUM'), E7 -- Discovery, Excavation, and Recording -- The Archival Record -- General Description -- Cross-Hall and Dependencies -- The Court and its Dependencies -- The Forehall -- Use and Functions of Spaces in the Principia -- Relation to 10th St, and Sanctuary 18/19 -- Building W of the principia Court (Rooms 20-2, 37-40) -- Phasing and Chronology -- Rationale for Siting the principia: Another Unrecognized Sanctuary in E7 -- CHANGES TO 10TH ST: THE 'VIA PRINCIPALIS' THAT NEVER WAS -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Description -- The Colonnades -- The F St Arch/Gate at 10th St -- The Aggrandized 10th St Space as a Whole -- Chronology -- Discussion -- THE E3 BATH AND E4 PALAESTRA COMPLEX -- Discovery, Excavation, Records, and Publication -- Layout of the Bath Building -- The Heating System: Praefurnia, Hypocausts, and Tubuli -- Water Supply to the Building: The Aqueduct -- Water Feeds around the Building -- Roadside Shrine? -- Drainage System -- palaestra in E4 -- Orientation of the Bath Block -- An Earlier Bath in E3 -- Sequence and Chronology -- THE GREAT E4 HOUSE: FROM HQ TO DEFENSIVE STRONGPOINT -- Excavation and Publication -- Reinterpretation: Not Pseudo-Barracks -- Description: The Civilian House -- Conversion to Military Use -- Modifications during the Military Phase -- Revised Phasing and Interpretation -- Chronology -- THE F3 BATH -- Excavation and Publication -- Description and Constructional Sequence -- Chronology -- THE AMPHITHEATRE, F3 -- Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Description -- Dating -- Discussion -- PROBABLE HORREA IN J6 AND J5 -- THE MITHRAEUM, J7 -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Pre-Military Phases -- Temple Phasing and Chronology -- THE 'CAMP WALL' -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Description -- The Wall from the City Defences to B St.
The B St Gate -- The Wall from B St to D St -- The End of the Wall at D St -- The Date of the Wall -- MILITARY HOUSING W OF G ST -- MILITARY HOUSING S OF THE PRINCIPIA: E8 -- Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Preservation, and Finds from the Block -- Conversion of E8 to Military Accommodation -- Use of Space within E8 -- Chronology -- MILITARY HOUSING E AND SE OF THE PRINCIPIA: E6 AND E5 -- Block E6 -- Block E5 -- MILITARY HOUSING W OF THE PRINCIPIA: J1 TO J4 -- Block J1, S of J1-A 'House of the Prefect' -- Block J2 -- Block J3 -- Block J4 -- MILITARY HOUSING ALONG THE CITY WALL IN J7 -- Location and Context -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- The Adjacent City Defences at J7 -- Early Phases of Building in J7 -- Buildings of the Military Period -- Beam Holes and Niches in the City Wall -- The Nature of Occupation in J7 -- Chronology -- How Far N Did Buildings Extend along the City Wall? -- MILITARY HOUSING ALONG THE CITY WALL IN J8 AND K7 -- MILITARY HOUSING ON THE S SIDE OF 8TH ST: K7, K5, K3, F7, AND F5 -- Block K7 -- Block K5 -- Discovery, Excavation, and Recording -- Blocks K3 and K1 -- Blocks F5 and F7 -- 6: The Plateau Zone East of G St -- THE ROMAN PALACE ('PALACE OFTHE DUX RIPAE'), BLOCKS X3/X5 -- Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Naming the Building -- Overview of the Palace Complex -- Siting, Orientation, and 'Fit' -- Construction of the Palace -- The River-Frontage Range -- Inner Court, 1 -- Service Court 43 and Dependencies -- Rooms 30-2 and 57 -- Outer Court 58 and Exedra 59 -- The Palace Bath -- An Additional Courtyard? -- Phasing and Dating -- Purpose and Usage: Internal Evidence -- Who Used the Palace? The Disappearing 'Dux Ripae' -- THE X7 'DOLICHENEUM' -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- The Temple Reconsidered -- Description and Review of the Evidence.
Adjacent 'Priest's House' -- Sequence, Chronology, and Interpretation of the X7 Temple and Adjacent Structures -- THE X9 TEMPLE -- Excavation and Recording -- The X9 Temple and the Military Base -- MILITARY HOUSING E OF G ST -- MILITARY HOUSING IN X -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Description -- Layout of the Military Accommodation -- MILITARY HOUSING N OF 10TH ST AND THEROMAN PALACE: E1, E9, X5, X7, X9, X10 -- MILITARY HOUSING S OF 10TH STAND THE ROMAN PALACE: E2, F1,X8, 'X1-X4', AND 'X6' -- 7: The Wadi Zone: Campus, Citadel, and C3 Bath -- MILITARY ENCLOSURE BETWEEN CITADEL AND WADI EDGE IN A1 -- THE MILITARY CAMPUS ZONE -- THE 'TEMPLE OF THE ROMAN ARCHERS', A1 -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Description -- The Altar Inscription -- Discussion -- THE MILITARY ZEUS TEMPLE ('CITADEL ZEUS TEMPLE'), A1 -- Discovery and Excavation -- The Paintings -- Preliminary Discussion -- Orientation -- THE MILITARY CAMPUS, A1-A2 -- Discovery and Investigation -- The Campus in the Townscape -- THE CITADEL -- Exploration, Recording, and Publication -- Discussion -- THE CITADEL IN ROMAN TIMES: MORE MILITARY HOUSING -- MILITARY OCCUPATION AROUND THE CITADEL IN B2 -- Exploration, Recording, and Publication -- Discussion -- THE SOUTHERN LIMIT OF THE BASE: B4AND LOWER MAIN STREET? -- 8: Military Presence around and beyond the Base Area -- THE C3 BATH -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Outline Description -- Dating -- Discussion -- M7 BATH -- Discovery and Excavation -- L4: A MILITARY-RELATED FACILITY? -- SOLDIERS AND MILITARY DEPENDANTS RESIDENT OUTSIDE THE BASE AREA -- L7-A The 'House of the Roman Scribes' -- The 'House of Entertainers/Military Brothel', House G5-C -- A Spurious Case: The 'House of Julius Terentius', G7-H -- CITY WALLS: GATES, CURTAIN, TOWERS, AND STAIRS -- The Walls around the Military Base -- Palmyrene Gate.
River Gate (or Water Gate).
The Course of the Project -- Dealing with Remains on Site -- Integration of Site and Archival Data -- Dealing with the Published and Archival Record -- Developing a Visual Approach -- The Centrality of Built Space to Human Life -- Building the Picture: Cumulative and Probabilistic Argument -- 4: Zooming In: Rome, the Middle Euphrates, and Dura -- HISTORICAL SETTING: WORLD EMPIRES AND A MODEST CITY -- Rome, Parthia, and the Middle Euphrates -- Status quo ante: Dura before Rome -- Prelude and Annexation -- Dura under Rome -- The Roman Military Presence: Purpose and Terminology -- The Chaotic 250s, Destruction and Abandonment -- The Site after the Siege -- MATERIAL REALITIES: NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT -- Nature of the Place: Geology, Topographical Setting, Climate, and Environment -- Raw Material for the Base: The Built Fabric of Pre-Roman Dura -- Roman-Era Architectural Adaptations and Innovations -- PART II: The Base Portrayed -- EXTENT OF THE BASE -- 5: The Plateau Zone West of G St -- THE TEMPLE OF BÊL ('TEMPLE OF THE PALMYRENE GODS' OR 'TEMPLE OF ZEUS') IN J9, AND ITS PLAZA -- Discovery, Excavation, Publication, and Naming -- Summary Description and History -- Temple Plaza -- 'HOUSE OF THE PREFECT', J1-A -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Phasing and Dating -- Location, Layout, Construction, and Functioning of the House -- Discussion and Interpretation -- Gate at D St and '12th St' -- Structure in D St Opposite Entrance to J1-A House -- D St Water Main -- THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AZZANATHKONA AND ITS MILITARY COMPOUND, E7 -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Temple Layout -- Pre-Roman Cult and Chronology -- The Military Compound at the Back of the Temple of Azzanathkona -- Chronology and Evolving Purpose of the Compound -- The Temple in the Roman Era -- The Temple in the Last Years of the City.
THE PRINCIPIA ('PRAETORIUM'), E7 -- Discovery, Excavation, and Recording -- The Archival Record -- General Description -- Cross-Hall and Dependencies -- The Court and its Dependencies -- The Forehall -- Use and Functions of Spaces in the Principia -- Relation to 10th St, and Sanctuary 18/19 -- Building W of the principia Court (Rooms 20-2, 37-40) -- Phasing and Chronology -- Rationale for Siting the principia: Another Unrecognized Sanctuary in E7 -- CHANGES TO 10TH ST: THE 'VIA PRINCIPALIS' THAT NEVER WAS -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Description -- The Colonnades -- The F St Arch/Gate at 10th St -- The Aggrandized 10th St Space as a Whole -- Chronology -- Discussion -- THE E3 BATH AND E4 PALAESTRA COMPLEX -- Discovery, Excavation, Records, and Publication -- Layout of the Bath Building -- The Heating System: Praefurnia, Hypocausts, and Tubuli -- Water Supply to the Building: The Aqueduct -- Water Feeds around the Building -- Roadside Shrine? -- Drainage System -- palaestra in E4 -- Orientation of the Bath Block -- An Earlier Bath in E3 -- Sequence and Chronology -- THE GREAT E4 HOUSE: FROM HQ TO DEFENSIVE STRONGPOINT -- Excavation and Publication -- Reinterpretation: Not Pseudo-Barracks -- Description: The Civilian House -- Conversion to Military Use -- Modifications during the Military Phase -- Revised Phasing and Interpretation -- Chronology -- THE F3 BATH -- Excavation and Publication -- Description and Constructional Sequence -- Chronology -- THE AMPHITHEATRE, F3 -- Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Description -- Dating -- Discussion -- PROBABLE HORREA IN J6 AND J5 -- THE MITHRAEUM, J7 -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Pre-Military Phases -- Temple Phasing and Chronology -- THE 'CAMP WALL' -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Description -- The Wall from the City Defences to B St.
The B St Gate -- The Wall from B St to D St -- The End of the Wall at D St -- The Date of the Wall -- MILITARY HOUSING W OF G ST -- MILITARY HOUSING S OF THE PRINCIPIA: E8 -- Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Preservation, and Finds from the Block -- Conversion of E8 to Military Accommodation -- Use of Space within E8 -- Chronology -- MILITARY HOUSING E AND SE OF THE PRINCIPIA: E6 AND E5 -- Block E6 -- Block E5 -- MILITARY HOUSING W OF THE PRINCIPIA: J1 TO J4 -- Block J1, S of J1-A 'House of the Prefect' -- Block J2 -- Block J3 -- Block J4 -- MILITARY HOUSING ALONG THE CITY WALL IN J7 -- Location and Context -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- The Adjacent City Defences at J7 -- Early Phases of Building in J7 -- Buildings of the Military Period -- Beam Holes and Niches in the City Wall -- The Nature of Occupation in J7 -- Chronology -- How Far N Did Buildings Extend along the City Wall? -- MILITARY HOUSING ALONG THE CITY WALL IN J8 AND K7 -- MILITARY HOUSING ON THE S SIDE OF 8TH ST: K7, K5, K3, F7, AND F5 -- Block K7 -- Block K5 -- Discovery, Excavation, and Recording -- Blocks K3 and K1 -- Blocks F5 and F7 -- 6: The Plateau Zone East of G St -- THE ROMAN PALACE ('PALACE OFTHE DUX RIPAE'), BLOCKS X3/X5 -- Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Naming the Building -- Overview of the Palace Complex -- Siting, Orientation, and 'Fit' -- Construction of the Palace -- The River-Frontage Range -- Inner Court, 1 -- Service Court 43 and Dependencies -- Rooms 30-2 and 57 -- Outer Court 58 and Exedra 59 -- The Palace Bath -- An Additional Courtyard? -- Phasing and Dating -- Purpose and Usage: Internal Evidence -- Who Used the Palace? The Disappearing 'Dux Ripae' -- THE X7 'DOLICHENEUM' -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- The Temple Reconsidered -- Description and Review of the Evidence.
Adjacent 'Priest's House' -- Sequence, Chronology, and Interpretation of the X7 Temple and Adjacent Structures -- THE X9 TEMPLE -- Excavation and Recording -- The X9 Temple and the Military Base -- MILITARY HOUSING E OF G ST -- MILITARY HOUSING IN X -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Description -- Layout of the Military Accommodation -- MILITARY HOUSING N OF 10TH ST AND THEROMAN PALACE: E1, E9, X5, X7, X9, X10 -- MILITARY HOUSING S OF 10TH STAND THE ROMAN PALACE: E2, F1,X8, 'X1-X4', AND 'X6' -- 7: The Wadi Zone: Campus, Citadel, and C3 Bath -- MILITARY ENCLOSURE BETWEEN CITADEL AND WADI EDGE IN A1 -- THE MILITARY CAMPUS ZONE -- THE 'TEMPLE OF THE ROMAN ARCHERS', A1 -- Discovery, Excavation, Recording, and Publication -- Description -- The Altar Inscription -- Discussion -- THE MILITARY ZEUS TEMPLE ('CITADEL ZEUS TEMPLE'), A1 -- Discovery and Excavation -- The Paintings -- Preliminary Discussion -- Orientation -- THE MILITARY CAMPUS, A1-A2 -- Discovery and Investigation -- The Campus in the Townscape -- THE CITADEL -- Exploration, Recording, and Publication -- Discussion -- THE CITADEL IN ROMAN TIMES: MORE MILITARY HOUSING -- MILITARY OCCUPATION AROUND THE CITADEL IN B2 -- Exploration, Recording, and Publication -- Discussion -- THE SOUTHERN LIMIT OF THE BASE: B4AND LOWER MAIN STREET? -- 8: Military Presence around and beyond the Base Area -- THE C3 BATH -- Discovery, Excavation, and Publication -- Outline Description -- Dating -- Discussion -- M7 BATH -- Discovery and Excavation -- L4: A MILITARY-RELATED FACILITY? -- SOLDIERS AND MILITARY DEPENDANTS RESIDENT OUTSIDE THE BASE AREA -- L7-A The 'House of the Roman Scribes' -- The 'House of Entertainers/Military Brothel', House G5-C -- A Spurious Case: The 'House of Julius Terentius', G7-H -- CITY WALLS: GATES, CURTAIN, TOWERS, AND STAIRS -- The Walls around the Military Base -- Palmyrene Gate.
River Gate (or Water Gate).
Özet, vb.
This volume explores the social dynamics of a Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria. Utilizing new evidence, it presents a unique perspective on the impact of the Roman garrison occupation on the civilian population, providing a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world.
Konu
Excavations (Archaeology)-Syria.
Electronic books.
Electronic books.
