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008 230411s2021 xxkoed|e ||||||00 0 eng c
020 |a9781789697568
020 |a9781789697575|q(e-Pdf)
041 |aeng
049 |aTürk Tarih Kurumu Kütüphanesi
090 |aB.I/9780
100 1 |aTonghini, Cristina.
245 |aFrom Edessa to Urfa the fortification of the citadel /|cCristina Tonghini.
260 |aOxford :|bArchaeopress Publishing,|c©2021.
300 |avi, 259 sayfa :|bresim (renkli), plan, tablo ;|c29 cm.
490 0 |aArchaeopress archaeology
504 |aBibliyografya s. [256]-259.
505 |tIntroduction --|tThe fortification of the citadel the written sources --|tBuilding and re-building: a summary of events --|tEdessa and its fortifications in Byzantine times (6th-11th centuries) /|rN. Zorzi --|tThe citadels and the city walls in the Syriac sources /|rE. Fiori -- Edessa in Armenian sources /|rT. L. Andrews --|tThe citadel of al-Ruhā’ in the Arabic sources : an overview ; The fortifications of Edessa in medieval Latin sources / D. Pringle --|tRuhā in the Persian sources: an elusive presence / S. Cristoforetti --|tThe citadel of Urfa in the Ottoman written sources / O. Usta --|tThe inscriptions from the citadel --|tNotes on some Greek inscriptions from Edessa / N. Zorzi --|tThe Arabic inscriptions of the citadel of al-Ruhā’ (Urfa/Şanlıurfa) / R. Giunta --|tThe fortification of the citadel : the material evidence --|tThe archaeological analysis --|tThe material evidence: Period 1 (post 3rd-6th centuries?) --|tThe material evidence : Period 2 (post 6th-11th centuries?) --|tThe material evidence: Period 3 (late 11th-12th centuries?) --|tThe material evidence: Period 4 (13th-14th centuries) --|tThe material evidence: Period 5 (15th century) --|tThe material evidence: Period 6 (16th century) ; The material evidence: Period 7 (17th century) --|tThe material evidence: Periods 8 (18th-19th centuries) and 9 (post Ottoman to the present) --|tThe masonry typology (with Technical Notes by J.-Cl. Bessac) --|tConclusions.
520 |a“From Edessa to Urfa: the Fortification of the Citadel is the outcome of an archaeological research project focused on a specific monumental area in the city of Urfa: its citadel. Urfa is better known to the general reader by its ancient name, Edessa. Three seasons of fieldwork were carried out (2014-2016), concentrating on the study of the evidence preserved above ground and employing the methods of stratigraphic analysis to identify the building sequence of the citadel and to characterise the various building phases. Transformation of the relative sequence into absolute chronology depended primarily on inscriptions in situ, but also on typological elements (masonry type, decorative elements, specific architectural forms). Data from the written sources also contributed relevant information regarding the development of the fortification works and the establishment of an absolute sequence“ --|cYayıncı.
650 4|aArkeolojik kazılar|zTürkiye|zŞanlıurfa.
650 4|aKale tahkimatı|zTürkiye|zEdessa (antik kent)
650 4|aİç kale|zTürkiye|zEdessa (antik kent)
650 4|aArkeoloji.
651 4|aŞanlıurfa (Türkiye)|xEski eserler.